光度计、放大器、显示仪表
光度计是一种特定类型的数字万用表(DMM),用于光辐射测量。连接的特定光检测器决定了波长范围/光谱加权功能和显示的测量单位。
我们提供模块化的宽带光探测器,可与我们广泛选择的光度计和放大器相结合。除了标准产品外,Gigahertz-Optik还提供定制解决方案。
第一步:作为第一步,我们建议选择一个探测头 。也可以使用几个探测头,这些探测头可以与单通道仪表互换使用,也可以与多通道仪表同时使用。探测头的选择标准包括所需的测量数量和范围、其光谱功能以及与预期用途相关的所有其他参数。
第二步:在第二步中,可以选择附件,例如,积分球。如果附件改变了探测头的测量范围和响应性,则必须选择相应测量范围的附件对探测头进行额外校准。
第三步:在第三步中,选择仪表。计划中的用途(如移动、固定、手动或遥控)、信号通道的数量、测量模式(连续、剂量、脉冲能量、时间性脉冲进展)都是决策标准。
第四步:测量设备与探测头的连接决定了探测头的连接器类型。Gigahertz-Optik的探测器设计有以下四种类型的连接器。
- 连接器类型-1。传统的BNC同轴连接器
- 连接器类型-2:带有Eeprom的校准数据连接器,用于存储由所连接的仪表读取的探测器数据(类型、校准的响应度)。
- 连接器类型-4:紧凑型插头,用于最多有四个光电二极管的检测器头。
- 连接器类型-5:带校准Eprom的紧凑型插头
第5步:为了确定所选配置的测量范围,需要所选探测头和仪表的两个规格。探测头的典型灵敏度(如A/lx)和最大允许的信号电流。仪表测量范围内的最小和最大输入信号。
检测极限(噪声等效功率,N.E.P.)=仪表的最小输入信号(A)/典型的检测器灵敏度(例如,0.1 pA / 3 nA / (mW / cm²) = 0.33 nW / cm²。(*1) (*2)
最大读数=仪表的最大输入信号(A)/典型的探测器灵敏度(例如,20 μA / 3 nA / (mW / cm²)= 6.66 W / cm²。(*3)
备注。
(*1) 宽带测光仪或辐射计的最小可测值是由所需的信噪比(SNR)决定的。对于一个DIN A级测光表,例如,最小信噪比为100。对于本例计算的探测器头,信噪比为100意味着最小可测量值为33 nW / cm²。对于光辐射测量技术极限领域的应用,通常使用较低的信噪比,即50甚至10。
(*2) 在检测器电流信号很低的情况下,检测头和测量仪之间的电缆移动会导致短的、电容性的干扰信号。此外,探测头的插头上的应变效应可能会增加噪音信号。
(*3) 最大计算测量值反映了半导体光电二极管的大动态范围。然而,在实际应用中,最大可测量值往往受到被测光辐射中所包含的温度辐射的限制,这将意味着检测器头的不可接受的加热。
Optometer respectively Current Amplifiers for Radiometric or Photometric Applications
Model | Photo | Detector Inputs | N.E.I. Noise equivalent input / integration time | Max. signal input | Gain ranges | Integration time range | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 1 / 4 channels multiplexed | 0.1 pA / 500 ms | 200 µA | 7 |
1 ms – 1 s |
Best selling optometer for general applications. X1-Z03 option to connect up to four detectors (with BNC connectors). | ||
P-21 | 1 | 0.1 pA / 100ms 0.005 pA / 5 s (*1) | 2 mA | 8 |
100 μs – 5.9999 s |
Highest quality portable optometer with color touchscreen, analog output and trigger. Very large dynamic range. Lowest input offset for smallest measurement signals. Many measuring functions. | ||
PFL-200 | 1 / BNC | 0.1 pA / 5 µs sampling time min at min. measurement time 100 µs | 20 µA | 9 | Fast amplifier for flicker measurements of Pst, SVM and other metrics or measurements which need fast sampling (up to 200 kHz). | |||
P-9710-1 | 1 | 0.1 pA / 100ms 0.005 pA / 5 s (*1) | 2 mA | 8 |
100 μs – 5.9999 s |
High quality portable optometer. Very large dynamic range. Lowest input offset for smallest measurement signals. Many measuring functions. | ||
P-9710-2 | 1 | 0.1 pA / 100ms 0.005 pA / 5 s (*1) | 2 mA | 8 |
100 μs – 5.9999 s |
Identical to the P-9710-1 but with 20 ms time constant in all amplifier gain ranges for measuring the pulse energy according to the streched-pulse method. | ||
P-9710-4 | 1 | 0.1 pA / 100ms 0.005 pA / 5 s (*1) | 2 mA | 8 |
100 μs – 5.9999 s |
Identical to the P-9710-2 but with additional trigger input for synchronizing the measurement of pulse energy. | ||
P-9801 | 8 | 0.1 pA / 100 ms | 2 mA | 8 |
1 ms – 999.999 s |
High-quality 8-channel optometer with 8 separate signal amplifiers. P-9801-V02 has 20 ms time constant in all amplifier gain ranges for measuring the pulse energy . P-9801-V03 has short time constants in all amplifier gain ranges for data logger applications. | ||
P-9802 | up to 2 x 18 / multiplexed | 0.1 pA / 100 µs | 200 µA | 7 |
20 ms to 4 s (set by RS232 command) |
Individually configurable optometer with up to 36 separate signal inputs. | ||
P-2000-1 | 2 / multiplexed | 0.1 pA / 100ms 0.005 pA / 5 s (*1) | 2 mA | 8 |
100 µs – 5.9999 s |
High quality 2-channel optometer. Very large dynamic range. Lowest input offset for the smallest measurement signals. P-2000-2 has 20 ms time constant in all amplifier gain ranges to measure the pulse energy. | ||
TR-9600-1 | 1 | 60 pA / 1 µs | 2 mA | 10 | Fast data logger optometer with 1 μs time constant. Transient recorder with 12-bit ADC adjustable from 10 M samples/s to 1 k sample/s sampling rate. 4M bytes of memory. | |||
TR-9600-2 | 1 | 20 nA / 100 ns | 600 µA | 4 | Fast data logger optometer with 100 ns time constant. Transient recorder with 12-bit ADC adjustable from 10 M samples / s - 1 k sample / s sampling rate. 4 M bytes of memory. | |||
X1-RM | 1 / 4 chanel multiplexed | 0.1 pA / 500 ms | 200 µA | 7 |
1 ms – 1 s |
Optometer module for installation in 19" systems. I / O, USB and RS485 interfaces. |
Note: (*1) Offset measurement before each measurement recommended
Signal Amplifier and Current Amplifier
Model | Image | Detector Inputs | N.E.I. Noise equivalent input / integration time | Max signal input | Gain ranges | Slew rate (10% to 90%) | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLL-1701 | SMA / 1 | 9 lin & 1 log | 16 µs or 500 µs | Fibre and current input, Lin. or Log current amplifier | ||||
PFL-200 | 1 / BNC | 0.1 pA / 5 µs sampling time min at min. measurement time 100 µs |
20 µA |
9 | 3dB cut-off: Range 0 to 5 = 10 kHz, Range 6 to 8 = 200Hz | Fast amplifier for flicker measurements of Pst, SVM and other metrics or measurements which need fast sampling (up to 200 kHz). | ||
P-9202-4 | 1 | 10 mV pk-pk |
± 5 mA |
8 | 1 µs - 3 µs | Transimpedance amplifier - fast | ||
P-9202-5 | 1 | 4 mV pk-pk |
± 5 mA |
8 | 5 µs - 20 ms | Transimpedance amplifier - general purpose | ||
P-9202-6 | 1 | 0.5 mV eff |
± 1 mA |
8 | 25 ms - 2.5 s | Transimpedance amplifier - very high sensitivity |